| Ground | Ground covers innate temperament: behavioral tendencies that recur across different situations. | Big Five, BFAS, NEO-related trait and facet research | Defines the semantic range of stable tendency axes | BP results are not one-to-one conversions from Big Five scores |
| Lens | Lens covers cognitive preferences in taking in information and making judgments. | Jungian type theory, cognitive style, and decision-preference research | Supports explanations about thinking and decision style | BP should not be called an MBTI cognitive-function test |
| Mirror | Mirror covers metacognition: noticing and examining one's own reactions and ways of thinking. | Metacognitive awareness, self-awareness, locus of control, and bias-awareness literature | Grounds self-understanding and defensive-pattern explanations | Not a clinical diagnosis or therapy assessment |
| Resonance | Resonance describes intrapersonal patterns that emerge from the combination of one person's Ground, Lens, and Mirror results. It is separate from relationship analysis, which compares two people. | This is BP's design for reading Ground, Lens and Mirror together. | Its conceptual explanation is separate from testing with real users. | Interpersonal research is not substituted for empirical evidence of intrapersonal integration. |